COURSE TIPS

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APA in-Text References

APA Format for Reference Pages

Referencing Internet Sources

Writing Guidelines in Rehabilitation Coursework

APA In-Text References

APA journals use the author-date method of citation. Any idea that is not your own or considered common knowledge, should reference or be attributed to its original author (APA, 1994). If a work has more than one author, include all the authors' last names in the in-text reference at the end of the sentence that should be attributed to their work. For example: Yadda, yadda, yadda. (Seinfeld & Dreyfuss, 1997). Get the idea? If, however, you use a direct quote, include the page number after the year. For
 example: "Yadda, yadda, yadda" (Seinfeld & Dreyfuss, 1997, p.5)

APA Format for Reference Pages

BOOK by ONE author

Elgin, S. H. (1996). The gentle art of communicating with kids. New York: Wiley.

BOOK by TWO authors

Cone, J. D., & Foster, S. L. (1993). Dissertations and theses from start to finish: Psychology and related fields. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

EDITED BOOK

Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (1991). Children of color: Psychological interventions with minority youth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

BOOK by ASSOCIATION as author

American Psychological Association. (1994). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (5th ed.). Washington: American Psychological Association.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE by ONE author

Posner, M. I. (1993, October 29). Seeing the mind. Science, 262, 673-674.

JOURNAL ARTICLE by ONE author

Bekerian, D. A. (1993). In search of the typical eyewitness. American Psychologist, 48, 574-576.

JOURNAL ARTICLE by TWO authors

Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36.

REVIEW by ONE author

Kauffmann, S. (1993, December 13). A new Spielberg. [Review of the film Schindler's List]. New Republic, 30.

INTERNET SOURCES -- Also please see APA Online Guidelines

Boeree, G. C. (1997). Carl Jung 1875-1961, [Online]. Available: http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/jung.html [1998, March 17].

BEWARE OF THE INTERNET!
 
You may think you have found the proverbial goldmine in terms of information, but stick to reputable sites -- as in those affiliated with schools, the government, and professional organizations (For example, the http address will end in edu, gov, state, or org). If you don't you may be referencing questionable information. 

Writing Guidelines for Research in Rehabilitation

All papers should adhere to the guidelines set forth in the 4th Edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

All papers should be typed, double-spaced. Font size should not exceed 12 points, and should be a standard, easily readable font, e.g., Times, Courier, Century Schoolbook.

Page numbers should be inserted in the document with a header. Page numbers should appear in the upper right-hand corner of your pages, beginning with your first page of text . A page number should not appear on your title page.

Any idea that is not your own should have attribution – APA guidelines for referencing are required.

When you write, organize your writing: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. Outline what you want to cover prior to writing, this will help to ensure that your writing proceeds in a logical manner. Ask yourself – what are the important ideas about this subject? What should come first in my paper? What comes next? Organizing your ideas can only improve the level of your writing.

Do not use the narrative voice unless you are writing about your own experience. The use of personal pronouns in the narrative voice, "I," "you," and "we," are inappropriate for use in a research paper, unless these words are being used in a direct quote.

Please proofread your papers for grammatical and spelling errors. Here are some examples of common mistakes:

The following words have different meanings. Say what you mean and mean what you say. Computer software that does spell-check does not recognize these mistakes as these words are usually correctly spelled, just misused in your document:

  • NO, KNOW, and NOW
  • WHETHER and WEATHER
  • THEY’RE, THERE, and THEIR
  • YOUR and YOU’RE
  • HOUR and OUR
  • TO and TOO
  • DO and DUE
  • EFFECT and AFFECT
  • LOOSING and LOSING
  • ITS, IT’S, and IT

In general, check your use of apostrophes. Ask yourself, do you want to indicate possession?

As you proofread, check that the subject and verb of each sentence agree with one another (e.g., plural-plural, singular-singular).

Do not begin sentences with conjunctions (OR, BUT, AND). Use separate sentences or a conjunction/compound sentence.

When using referents (words that stand for something else) make sure that their meaning is clear. For example, the meaning in the following sentence is unclear – "The cup and the saucer were made of china. It was broken." In this case the "referent" is the word "it," and it is unclear if the referent is "referring" to the cup or the saucer. Another suggestion – referents must agree with the words to which they refer. For example: "The horse galloped quickly. They were foaming at the mouth." "Horse" is singular, and its referent should be singular: use "he" or "she." Additionally, if the subject of the sentence is "he" or "she," do not use their later in the same sentence as a referent, use "his" or "her."

When your paper has more than one page, STAPLE the pages together.

Beware "new age" language in your writing. This type of language is appropriate only when quoting someone’s actual words. Examples are words and phrases like "deals with," "totally," "yadda, yadda," "like," et cetera.

Read your paper aloud before turning it in – if you find yourself stumbling over a sentence rewrite it!

    ** Please note that individual rehabilitation professors may have additional requirements for writing in their courses.